How to chase an unpaid invoice

Late payment is one of the most common problems facing freelancers and small businesses. Research consistently shows that most late payments are due to oversight rather than deliberate non-payment — so a systematic, professional approach gets results without burning bridges.

Step 1 — Send a polite reminder (1–3 days overdue)

A brief, friendly email checking the invoice has been received. Assume good faith — the most common reason for late payment is the invoice sitting in a spam folder or being overlooked. Resend the invoice and ask them to confirm receipt.

Step 2 — Firm follow-up (7–14 days overdue)

If there is still no payment, follow up more directly. Reference the invoice number, the amount, and the due date. Ask when they expect to pay. Keep the tone professional but make it clear payment is overdue.

Step 3 — Phone call (14–21 days overdue)

A phone call is far harder to ignore than an email. Speak to the right person — accounts payable, the business owner, or whoever you dealt with. Confirm they have the invoice and agree on a specific payment date.

Step 4 — Letter before action (30+ days overdue)

If all else fails, send a formal letter before action (LBA) stating that you intend to pursue the debt through the courts if payment is not received within 7 to 14 days. State the amount owed plus any interest you intend to claim. Many clients pay at this stage.

Step 5 — Small claims court or debt recovery

In the UK, debts up to £10,000 can be claimed through the small claims court online at moneyclaim.gov.uk. The process is straightforward and the filing fee is recoverable if you win. For larger debts, a solicitor's letter or professional debt recovery agency may be more appropriate.